Whether as a supplement or replacement for face-to-face selection interviews, video interviews, whether synchronous or asynchronous, are being used more and more frequently in personnel selection. Compared to face-to-face interviews, however, it is hardly possible in these formats to make direct eye contact with the interviewer and to perceive their emotions and reactions. If you opt for the latter, the gaze deviates accordingly in the perception of the other person. These deviations in gaze could have a negative impact on the assessment - not only applicants fear this, but research also suggests it. Is this true? And if so, how can it be avoided?
Study show: Stronger gaze deviations in particular have a negative effect
Prof. Dr. Johannes Basch and Prof. Dr. Klaus Melchers investigated this complex of questions in two experimental studies with asynchronous videos. Both vertical gaze deviations (gaze is directed below or above the camera) and horizontal gaze deviations (gaze is directed to the left or right of the camera, for example to an external screen) were investigated.
The researchers drew the following conclusions from the results: Minor vertical deviations in eye contact carry less weight - horizontal deviations, however, can definitely have a negative impact on the perception of applicants' suitability. This means that these people are less likely to be hired if their interview answers are the same. In addition, any form of gaze deviation can impair the quality of the interview and thus contribute to a lower perceived social presence. This may also lead to candidates' performance being rated lower.
Practical tip: Just sit back and relax
According to Prof. Dr. Johannes Basch, applicants do not need to worry too much about their performance perception in standard camera settings with only slight deviations in eye contact. Nevertheless, it can be an advantage to literally keep an eye on these deviations to make sure they don't get out of hand. This could mean, for example, moving the other person on the screen closer to the camera position and leaning back a little yourself. With this little trick, the angle of distraction can be minimized so that not only is almost direct eye contact possible, but the other person's reactions can also be perceived.
And not only when looking for a job, but in general: camera angles with horizontally deviating eye contact should be avoided altogether so as not to impair the quality of the conversation.
To the publication
Basch, Johannes M.; Melchers, Klaus G. (2024): Here’s Looking at You: Does Eye Contact in Video Interviews Affect How Applicants are Perceived and Evaluated? In: Journal of Business and Psychology. Online unter: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10869-024-09981-4.
Contact
Prof. Dr. Johannes Basch
